{"id":8656,"date":"2015-07-22T21:21:48","date_gmt":"2015-07-22T21:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tydaikho.com\/khoa-hoc-thuong-thuc\/chuyen-luan-hoi\/nghien-cuu-tam-ly-tre-em-nho-duoc-ky-uc-tu-tien-kiep\/"},"modified":"2015-07-22T21:21:48","modified_gmt":"2015-07-22T21:21:48","slug":"nghien-cuu-tam-ly-tre-em-nho-duoc-ky-uc-tu-tien-kiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/2015\/07\/22\/nghien-cuu-tam-ly-tre-em-nho-duoc-ky-uc-tu-tien-kiep\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd: Tr\u1ebb em nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tr\u00e1i: (Ryan McVay\/ Digital Vision\/ Thinkstock) Ph\u1ea3i: (Nadofotos\/ iStock\/ Thinkstock; ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean); Ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n: (Shutterstock*)<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc Huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng m\u01a1 t\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh!<\/em><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ebb em nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em b\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp (c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat nghi ng\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong khi cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng do tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa hay \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp? Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c\u201d ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n may m\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

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\u201cPh\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng do tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa hay \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp?\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Erlendur Haraldsson, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Iceland \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Reykjavik, \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 30 em \u1edf Lebanon th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ed3m 30 em nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Haraldsson \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng em b\u00e9 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd trong \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc) hay c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng em b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a hay kh\u00f4ng. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Haraldsson gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cNh\u1eefng em b\u00e9 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp: Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc?\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2003: \u201cKh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9ng du v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y, cho t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u201cM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Erlendur Haraldsson<\/em><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb em nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd \u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp \u201c\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n nh\u1edd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00e1m th\u1ecb\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cm\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba[1] \u1edf Sri Lanka. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp s\u1ebd m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00e1m th\u1ecb (\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd) h\u01a1n. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf Sri Lanka, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a.<\/p>\n

Haraldsson \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ian Stevenson, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ebb em nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp. \u00d4ng Stevenson \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd so v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb Stevenson \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Haraldsson v\u00e0 Stevenson \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i k\u00fd \u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Y khoa Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Stevenson nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bao kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh thu th\u1eadp m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c\u2026 \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, Haraldsson \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n sao v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a 3 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u00e2m linh X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00e9p theo b\u1ea3n sao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Stevenson.<\/p>\n

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\u201c<\/em>Trong 80% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 123 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c em nh\u1ecf\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

– Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Erlendur Haraldsson.<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCho t\u1edbi nay, J\u0171rgen Keil \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 60 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf Myanmar, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3; Erlendur Haraldsson nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 25 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf Sri Lanka; v\u00e0 Antonia Mills nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 38 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u2026 80% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 123 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em nh\u1ecf\u2026 Trong 99 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh trong ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 quen bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb chi\u1ebfm 51%, th\u00e2n quen chi\u1ebfm 33%, v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan chi\u1ebfm 16%. Trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 123 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Mills] d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Engin Sungur, sinh th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1980 \u1edf B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Antakya, Hatay, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

\n

\u201c\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Jim Tucker<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a em Sungur \u1edf Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Khi Sungur c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i ch\u01a1i c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0ng Tavla, n\u01a1i em sinh ra. Tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, em \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Hancagiz v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng em t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Em n\u00f3i, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a em l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Naif Cicek v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ankara tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Naif Cicek \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Hancagiz c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Sungur sinh ra, nh\u01b0ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh Sungur kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Sungur kh\u00f4ng tin l\u1eddi em k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i em t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau, khi con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Naif Cicek \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Sungur ch\u01a1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh Sungur v\u00e0 Cicek t\u1eebng quen bi\u1ebft nhau. Khi Sungur g\u1eb7p c\u00f4 g\u00e1i, em li\u1ec1n nh\u1edb ra v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cTa l\u00e0 cha c\u1ee7a con\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Sungur \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng Hancagiz \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Cicek. Em b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u00f4ng Cicek. Em ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u trong nh\u00e0 Cicek v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, em \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Em n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp, con trai c\u1ee7a em \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e2m c\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i khi \u0111ang l\u00f9i xe v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Sungur n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Cicek. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng em ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 k\u1ec3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Sungur n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Cicek\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Jim Tucker, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4ng Stevenson trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Virginia, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cTr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng: C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p phi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng, \u201c\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i \u1edf Canada<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tucker \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i t\u1eeb Canada v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp khi em t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i. Cha c\u00f4 b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u00f4n kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n tr\u00e1nh xem hay \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u00f4n n\u00e0y; cha \u00f4ng (\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e9 g\u00e1i) r\u1ea5t \u0111am m\u00ea kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng (cha b\u00e9 g\u00e1i) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

B\u00e9 g\u00e1i Hannah, 3 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi cha t\u1ea1i sao con trai c\u1ee7a con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3n con t\u1edbi xem c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u. Khi cha em li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi: \u201ccon trai c\u1ee7a con\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o? B\u00e9 Hannah tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u201cBa bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, khi con t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i 3 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai th\u00edch m\u00f4n kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c em t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1eadu con trai d\u1eabn m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn xem c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u?\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Jim Tucker<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, Em \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 con trai m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ec9, m\u00e0 con c\u00f4 v\u1eabn l\u00e1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o da c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu ta.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tucker \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i 3 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai th\u00edch m\u00f4n kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c em \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con trai d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u?\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f5i <\/em>@TaraMacIsaac<\/em> tr\u00ean Twitter, gh\u00e9 th\u0103m trang <\/em>Epoch Times Beyond Science tr\u00ean Facebook<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u1eadn tin t\u1eeb trang <\/em>Beyond Science<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc!<\/em><\/p>\n

*\u1ea2nh m\u1ed9t <\/em>d\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0<\/em> t\u1eeb Shutterstock<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba (field research), hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf. Lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (anthropology), \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tham d\u1ef1\u201d (participant research), ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tham kh\u1ea3o chung \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t tham d\u1ef1 (participant research), thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (data collection) v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t (survey research) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (experimental or lab research).<\/p>\n

Theo Vietdaikynguyen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00e1i: (Ryan McVay\/ Digital Vision\/ Thinkstock) Ph\u1ea3i: (Nadofotos\/ iStock\/ Thinkstock; ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean); Ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n: (Shutterstock*) V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc Huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8734,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1063],"tags":[1275,1283,1085,895,1155],"class_list":["post-8656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-luan-hoi","tag-ky-uc","tag-nho-duoc","tag-tien-kiep","tag-tieu-diem","tag-tre-em"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8656"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8656\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.vnno1.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}